柑橘褐斑病菌对不同抗性柑橘品种防御酶活性的影响

以柑橘褐斑病高抗品种Lw8,中抗品种L2,高感品种Lw14为实验材料,通过孢子喷雾法使柑橘褐斑病菌感染柑橘叶片,研究接菌0d、1d、2d、3d、6d、8d、10d时,柑橘叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、几丁质酶(CHT)酶和β-1,3葡聚糖酶(GLU)含量及活性变化规律与品种抗病性的关系。结果表明,接种前,两个抗病品种Lw8、L2中的POD、SOD、PAL、PPO 、GLU、CHT活性显著高于高感品种Lw14,CAT活性则与高感品种Lw14相近；接种后,3个不同抗性品种中SOD、POD、CAT、PAL、PPO 、GLU、CHT 7种防御酶活性较对照明显提高,但不同品种增加幅度不一致,除CAT外,其余6种防御酶活性均表现为抗病品种Lw8、L2增幅显著高于高感品种Lw14,且两个抗病品种一般在接菌3d内6种防御酶活性迅速升高并达到峰值；而高感品种Lw14防御酶(除CAT外)活性或增幅较小或较两个抗病品种滞后。本研究初步探讨了不同抗性品种接种褐斑病菌后7种防御酶的活性动态变化与柑橘品种抗病性关系,为进一步研究其抗病机理奠定基础。     

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the fatty acid delta 6 desaturase (FAD6) gene in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

The sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus), an important echinodermata, had high value in nutrition and medicine for its rich collagen, sulphated polysaccharide, glycosides and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The cDNA of the fatty acid desaturase gene in A. japonicus (AJFAD6) was cloned and was found to encode a desaturase with delta 6 FAD activity. Sequence analysis indicated that AJFAD6 included an open reading frame of 1392 bp, encoding 463 amino acids. AJFAD6 has all the conserved motifs found in other members of the FAD6 family, including an N‐terminal cytochrome b5 domain and three histidine‐rich regions. qRT‐PCR showed that AJFAD6 was expressed in all tissues tested during juvenile development and was mainly expressed in the respiratory tree at 150 days after adherence (150 days) and in the intestine at 100 days. Furthermore, AJFAD6 mRNA was also detected in the analysed adult tissues, with higher expression in the intestine and testis. Functional characterization of AJFAD6 in a recombinant yeast, Pichia pastoris, showed that AJFAD6 could catalyse exogenous linoleic acid (LA) and α‐linolenic acid (ALA) to produce γ‐linoleic acid (GLA) and stearidonic acid (STA), respectively, at conversion rates of 11.1% for LA to GLA and 3.4% for ALA to STA. Our results suggested that the biosynthetic pathway of PUFA existed in the sea cucumber, but endogenous production of eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid from either LA or ALA precursor appeared to be limited.     

茶毫氨基酸组成及矿质元素分析

成茶白毫的多少及隐显是评定茶叶品质优劣的重要标志之一。为了明确茶毫中的化学组成,以富含茶毫的碧螺春、滇红、白毫银针及白牡丹4个茶样为研究对象,将茶毫与茶身进行分离,利用碳氮元素分析仪对其总碳、总氮及碳氮比进行分析,氨基酸自动分析仪分析其氨基酸组分,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)用来测定其主要矿质元素含量。茶毫中的C、N含量分别为2.96%~4.74%和42.87%~45.58%,其中N含量显著低于茶身(P0.01),C含量差异不显著,C/N茶毫显著高于茶身;茶毫中水解氨基酸、游离氨基酸含量分别为10.78%~12.46%和20.78~34.65 mg·g~(-1),其中水解氨基酸主要组分及总量均显著低于茶身(P0.01),游离氨基酸总量低于茶身(P0.05),而茶氨酸、天冬酰胺、甘氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸等游离氨基酸组分差异不显著,茶毫中茶氨酸所占游离氨基酸的比例显著高于茶身(P0.05);茶毫中的矿质元素普遍低于茶身,其中P、S含量极显著低于茶身(P0.01),其他元素差异不显著。由此可见,茶毫中的氨基酸和矿质元素含量并不比茶身高,但品质成分组成比例的差异赋予了富含茶毫茶叶特有的品质特征。     

欣试71143的特征特性及栽培技术

欣试71143是河北省河间市国欣农村技术服务总会选育的转基因抗虫棉品种，于2014年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。本文主要介绍该品种的选育过程、特征特性及主要栽培技术。     

用线粒体D-loop和Cyt b基因序列分析拉氏(鲮)3个群体的遗传结构和遗传分化

用线粒体DNA的D-loop和Cytb基因序列分析方法研究了吉林延吉、敦化和辽宁法台3个区域的29尾拉氏鱼岁Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowsky的遗传多样性.经PCR扩增和测序,获得了783～785bp D-loop和818bpCyt b的同源序列.两者多态性遗传参数统计显示,29尾个体分别存在47(D-loop)和89(Cyt b)个变异位点,分别检测出15 (D-loop)和1l(Cyt b)个单倍型,总群体单倍型(Hd)分别为0.8966 (D-loop)和0.8990(Cyt b),核苷酸多样性指数(Px)分别为0.0246(D-loop)和0.0498 (Cyt b),平均核苷酸差异数(K)分别为19.2857(D-loop)和40.7365(Cytb).分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果表明,79.02％(D-loop)和81.69％(Cyt b)变异来自群体间,20.98％(D-loop)和18.31％(Cyt b)来自群体内.单倍型呈明显的地理差异,分成2个分支,一个以延吉群体为主,一个以法台群体为主.拉氏(鲮)的遗传多样性水平较高,群体间遗传分化明显.该结果可为拉氏(鲮)的种质资源保护提供参考.     

Mechanical behavior of nylon 66 tyre cord under monotonic and cyclic extension: Experiments and constitutive modeling

Many industrial products are made of cord-rubber composite materials. Their mechanical behavior not only depends on rubber but also depends on cord. Nylon 66 cord is one of the most important reinforcement in these products. This paper research the mechanical behavior of nylon 66 cord under various load cases. A series of experiments were carried out to obtaining stress-strain curves under different load cases. Complex changes of the modulus and Mullins effect can be found in monotonic and cyclic tension, respectively. Mechanism of these behaviors has been analyzed considering both the twisted structure and material. A phenomenological constitutive model, accounting for different loading conditions, has been firstly proposed base on strain energy density function and damage mechanics method. The proposed model has been verified by comparing the predicted results with experimental data. It has been found that the proposed model predicted the stress-strain curves that were consistent with the experimental data. The proposed model can be implemented in finite element software for engineering design and application.     

Replacement of Fishmeal by a Mixture of Soybean Meal and Chlorella Meal in Practical Diets for Juvenile Crucian Carp,Carassius auratus

A growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of a mixture of soybean meal and Chlorella meal (SCM) as a dietary fishmeal (FM) substitute on growth performance, apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs), digestive enzymatic activities, and histology of juvenile crucian carp, Carassius auratus. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace 0 (SCM0), 25 (SCM25), 50 (SCM50), 75 (SCM75), and 100% (SCM100) of protein from FM with SCM, respectively. The diets were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile crucian carp for 6 wk. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio, and intestinal digestive enzymatic activities (amylase, trypsin, and lipase) tended to decline with increasing FM replacement levels (P > 0.05). Dietary SCM substitution significantly influenced dry matter content in muscle, and crude protein and lipid contents in liver (P < 0.05). ADCs for dry matter, protein, lipid, energy, and most amino acids showed no significant differences between the control and SCM25 group, but tended to decline with replacement levels over 25%. Higher SCM substitution (50–100%) caused karyopyknosis and necrosis in liver, but intestinal histology did not show noticeable pathological changes. The present study indicated that FM could be replaced by 25% of SCM, without significant adverse growth performance, feed utilization, and histology of crucian carp.     

江淮杂交中籼水稻品质性状基因型与播期互作的AMMI模型分析

为明确杂交中籼水稻在江淮地区种植的适宜播期,提高稻米品质,选用3个杂交中籼水稻品种(系)分5个播期,利用AMMI模型对其营养食味品质性状(糊化温度、胶稠度、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量)进行了稳定性和适应性分析。结果表明,糊化温度、胶稠度、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量4项指标在基因型间、播期间及基因型×播期互作间的方差均达到极显著水平,这4项指标的交互效应主成分值(IPCA)差异也达到显著水平;穗期(抽穗至成熟期)平均气温较高、累计日照时数长、气温日较差大,有利于杂交中籼水稻品质的提高;3个参试品种(系)营养食味品质稳定性表现为新两优6号两优1128丰两优4号,5个播期对杂交中籼水稻品质影响表现为4月20日5月10日5月20日4月30日5月30日。     

无人机低空数字图像诊断棉花苗情技术

为了提高棉花苗情监测的时效性和精确性，本研究利用无人机低空获取棉田数字图像，通过图像分析快速识别诊断棉花苗情。研究结果表明，利用HIS（Hue- intensity- saturation）阈值法将图像二值化，之后通过腐蚀膨胀对二值化图像进行处理，能够较好地排除地膜干扰，快速识别大范围棉苗数量和壮苗数量，棉苗识别精度超过90%。基于图像识别结果绘制的田间苗情分布图清晰显示了棉田出苗情况，并为精准化管理提供依据。本研究结果可为无人机在农业中的应用提供参考。     

利用CRISPR/CAS9技术编辑水稻香味基因Badh2

【目的】香稻作为一类特殊的水稻群体,以其清香可口的品质特性备受消费者的欢迎。到目前为止,水稻中的香味主要受第8染色体上编码甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因Badh2控制。【方法】通过CRISPR/CAS9技术对中花11的香味基因Badh2进行编辑。【结果】获得转基因T_0代植株并对其所衍生的T_1代20个单株进行了鉴定分析,获得了一个剔除了载体骨架且第1外显子上插入一个碱基T的突变体材料。该材料中Badh2 RNA水平显著下调;利用GC-MS技术测定野生型及突变体材料籽粒2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉含量,结果表明突变体材料中的香味物质显著增加;此外,我们还对野生型及T_2代香型植株水稻产量及稻米蒸煮食味品质进行了考查及测定分析,发现除分蘖数及结实率呈现出显著差异外(P0.05),其余各项指标在两组材料间都无显著差异。【结论】通过CRISPR/CAS9技术成功地对水稻香味基因进行了编辑,可为香稻育种提供丰富的理论指导,加快香稻的育种进程。